Directory Mappings | AIX | RedHat Linux |
Root File System | / /dev/hd4 | / /dev/sda2 if SCSI /dev/hda2 if IDE |
Home Directories | /home /dev/hd1 | /home is in Root File System |
O.S. Executables | /usr /dev/hd2 | /usr is in Root File System |
Temporary Space | /tmp /dev/hd3 | /tmp is in Root File System |
System Variable Data | /var /dev/hd9var | /var is in Root File System |
Boot | /dev/hd5 | /boot /dev/sda1 if SCSI /dev/hda1 if IDE |
Paging | Logical Volume type="paging" | Partition Id=82="Linux swap" |
See also the Filesystem Hierachy Standard (FHS) for a fuller discussion of the "proper" UNIX file system hierarchy.
Linux has three sets of apparently duplicate directories; /bin & /usr/bin,
/sbin & /usr/sbin, and /lib & /usr/lib.
This can be a source of confusion. Under AIX for example, ksh is the default shell and it's normal to see
#!/usr/bin/ksh
in the first line of a ksh script.
Under Linux, bash (the Bourne-Again Shell) is the default shell and ksh is NOT in /usr/bin/ksh,
leading one to believe Linux does not have ksh. Not true. Under Linux, ksh is at /bin/ksh.
(Actually, since /bin is a link to /usr/bin under AIX, ksh is also at /bin/ksh,
so to make bilinugual scripts, #!/bin/ksh
is best.)
The reason for these apparently duplicate directories is, in the initial boot phases or when Linux boots into single-user mode (which is the same thing), only the root file system is mounted. It's true that by default, /usr is in the root file system, but it may not be. It might be configured in its own partition or even NFS mounted from another machine in R/O mode. Given this, everything needed to boot Linux or will be needed to repair a broken system, needs to be in the root file system. Yet to keep the root file system as small as possible, all non-essential files are kept under /usr.
This is also why they say that those 5 directories (/bin, /sbin, /etc, /dev, and /lib) must be in the root partition.
User Accounts | AIX | RedHat Linux |
Password Files | /etc/passwd /etc/security/passwd |
/etc/passwd /etc/shadow |
Allow/Deny root's Remote telnet Login | rlogin=true in /etc/security/user stanza | Comment out securetty line in /etc/pam.d/login |
Recover root's Password | Boot from CD or Tape, Installation/Maintenance Start Limited Shell getrootfs hdisk0 vi /etc/security/passwd |
At grub boot loader screen, press "e" to edit, select "kernel" line press "e" to edit, Add " s" at end of line press <Enter> to accept changes, press "b" to boot, at shell prompt, passwd root |
Create new user | mkuser | useradd |
Delete user | rmuser | userdel |
Default User Group | staff=Group ID 1 | The same as their userid, both name and number. E.G. User Name=jasper, User ID=10167, Group Name=jasper, Group ID=10167 |
General Commands | AIX | RedHat Linux |
Absolute Path tar | tar cvf foo.tar /etc/passwd | tar Pcvf foo.tar /etc/passwd |
ping Broadcast Address | ping -c 1 10.224.88.255 | ping -b -c 1 10.224.88.255 |
Admin Helpers | smit or smitty | 41 redhat-config-* programs in /usr/sbin & /usr/bin |
Performance Monitor | top lsof monitor |
top lsof |
System Activity Reporter | sar | sar sysstat |
I/O Statistics | iostat | iostat sysstat |
Boot-Time Error Log | alog -o -t boot | dmesg |
Display Swap Size | lsps -a | free |
Printers | AIX | RedHat Linux |
Printer Queues | /etc/qconfig | /var/spool/lpd/lp/* |
Control Print Server Daemon | startsrc -s lpd stopsrc  -s lpd lssrc -s lpd |
service cups start service cups stop service cups status |
Submit Print Jobs | enq lp lpr qprt |
lpr |
LP Statistics | enq -A lpq lpstat qchk |
lpq |
Remove Print Jobs | cancel lprm qcan enq -x |
lprm |
Add Printer Queue | smit mkpq | redhat-config-printer printtool |
Remove Printer Queue | smit rmpq | |
Default Printer | First Stanza in /etc/qconfig export LPDEST="pq" |
TCP/IP | AIX | RedHat Linux |
Network IP Configuration | lsattr -E -l inet0 | /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth* |
Name Service Switch | /etc/netsvc.conf | /etc/nsswitch.conf |
Network Parameters | no -a | sysctl -a | grep net |
Secondary IP Address | ifconfig en0 alias w.x.y.z | modprobe ip_alias ifconfig eth0:1 w.x.y.z |
Login Prompt/Herald | /etc/security/login.cfg | /etc/issue |
System Files | AIX | RedHat Linux |
NFS Client Mounted Directories | /etc/xtab | /var/lib/nfs/xtab |
Max File System Size | 128 GB | 2 TB |
Max File Size | 64 GB | 2 GB (512-byte block size)
8192 GB (8-KB block size) |
LVM Commands | AIX | RedHat Linux |
Filesystem Table | /etc/filesystems | /etc/fstab |
Device Listing | lsdev -C | cat /proc/devices |
Disk Information | bootinfo -s hdisk# | cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model |
LVM Concepts | Partition | Logical Extents |
Volume | Logical Volume | |
Journal File System Type | jfs | ext3 reiserfs |
Default Volume Group | /dev/rootvg | None |
Display Volume Group | lsvg -l rootvg | vgdisplay -v |
Modify Physical Volume | chpv | pvchange |
Prepare Physical Disk | mkdev -c disk -l hdisk# | pvcreate |
List Physical Volume | lspv | pvdisplay |
Remove disk from volume group | reducevg | vgreduce |
Move logical volumes to another physical volumes | migratepv | pvmove |
Create volume group | mkvg | vgcreate |
Remove Volume Group | varyoffvg exportvg |
vgremove |
Volume Group Availability | chvg varyonvg varyoffvg |
vgchange |
Restore Volume Group | importvg | vgcfgrestore |
Export/Import Volume Group | exportvg/importvg | vgexport/vgimport |
List Volume Groups | lsvg | vgscan |
Change Logical Volume Characteristics | chlv | lvchange |
List Logical Volumes | lslv | lvdisplay |
Make Logical Volume | mklv | lvcreate |
Extend Logical Volume | extendlv | lvextend |
Reduce Logical Volume | AIX Reduce LV Procedure | lvreduce |
Remove Logical Volume | rmlv | lvremove |
Prepare Boot Volumes | bootlist -m normal | grub-install /dev/sda2 if SCSI grub-install /dev/hda2 if IDE |
Extend File System | chfs -a size=# fs-name (# is 512-byte blocks) |
resize2fs |
Reduce/Split Mirrors | rmlvcopy | lvsplit |
Merge Mirrors | lvmerge | |
Create Mirrors | mklv -c 2 | |
Add Mirrors | mklvcopy lv 2 | |
Create Striped Volumes | mklv -u 3 -S 64K | lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 |
System Recovery Tape | mksysb -i /dev/rmt0 | |
Backup | savevg -i rootvg | tar cvf /dev/rst0 / |
Restore | restvg | tar xvf /dev/rst0 |
Miscellaneous Commands | AIX | RedHat Linux |
Startup script | /etc/rc | /etc/rc.d/rc |
Kernel | /usr/lib/boot/unix_up | /boot/vmlinuz (compressed) /boot/vmlinux (uncompressed) |
Kernel Parameters | lsattr -E -l sys0 no -a |
sysctl -a |
Reconfigure the Kernel | chdev -l sys0 -a | cd /usr/src/linux
make mrproper make menuconfig make dep make clean make bzImage make install make modules make modules_install cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16 cd /boot mv initrd-2.4.21-20.ELsmp initrd-2.4.21-20.ELsmp.save mkinitrd initrd-2.4.21-20.ELsmp $(uname -r) vi /boot/grub/grub.conf |
List modules | genkex | lsmod |
Load module | insmod | |
Unload module | rmmod | |
Initialize System | install_assist | netconf |
Physical RAM | bootinfo -r | free |
Kernel Bits | bootinfo -K | getconf WORD_BIT |
Crash Utility | crash | lcrash |
Trace System Calls | syscalls | strace |
OS Level | oslevel | uname -r |
Run Level | who -r | runlevel |
Tape Control | tctl | mt |
Core Dump Files | /var/adm/ras | |
Timezone Management | /etc/environment /etc/profile |
/etc/sysconfig/clock |
NTP Daemon | /etc/ntp.conf startsrc -s xntpd stopsrc -s xntpd lssrc -s xntpd |
/etc/ntp.conf service xntpd start service ntpd stop service ntpd status |
Software | AIX | RedHat Linux |
Install Software | installp -a | rpm -i package |
Uninstall Software | installp -u | rpm -e package |
List Installed Software | lslpp -L all | rpm -qa |
Verify Installed Software | lppchk -v | rpm -V package |
List Files | lslpp -f fileset | rpm -ql package |
List Installed Patches | instfix -i | |
Package Owner | lslpp -w path | rpm -qf file |
SW Directory | /usr/lpp | /var/lib/rpm |
Rescan SCSI Bus | cfgmgr | echo "scsi add-single-device 0 1 2 3" > /proc/scsi/scsi
will reprobe for a single device only on Card 0, Channel 1, Device 2, Lun 3, and add it if it is found |
Devices | AIX | RedHat Linux |
Install Devices | cfgmgr -v | /dev/MAKEDEV |
Remove Device | rmdev -l | |
Device Drivers | lscfg | |
CPU | lsdev -Cc processor | cat /proc/cpuinfo |
List Terminal | lsdev -Cc tty | |
Diagnostics | diag | lspci pnpdump |
Whole Disk | /dev/hdisk# | /dev/sda |
CDROM | /dev/cd0 | /dev/cdrom |
CDROM File System Type | cdrfs | iso9660 |
Rewinding Tape Drive | /dev/rmt0 | /dev/rst0 { c 9 0} |
Non-rewinding Tape Drive | /dev/rmt0.1 | /dev/nrst0 { c 9 128 } |
Floppy Drive | /dev/rfd0 | /dev/fd0 |
AFS | AIX | RedHat Linux |
Code Source | IBM Transarc's Lab | www.openafs.org |
AFS Cache /usr/vice/cache |
Should be defined as its own file system before installing AFS. 100MB is minimum. 1GB is better. | Same. |
Install Directions |
cd /tmp ftp jasper cd /afs/d/software/base/AFS_3.6 get afsinstall.sh get afsclient-42.tar quit chmod +x afsinstall.sh ./afsinstall.sh afsclient-42.tar rm afsinstall.sh afsclient-42.tar |
mkdir /tmp/afs cd /tmp/afs scp -p jasper@jasper:/afs/d/software/base/linux/openafs-1.2.11/* . rpm -ivh *rpm vi /usr/vice/etc/cacheinfo and set the cache size to 95% of the number of 1K blocks of /usr/vice/cache. 95% of 1GB (my standard), is 953850. vi /usr/vice/etc/ThisCell set the cell name to delphion.com. vi /usr/vice/etc/CellServDB replace all existing lines with >delphion.com # Thomson-Delphion 10.224.88.241 #afs1.delphion.com To start AFS, service afs start To allow AFS-authenticated logins, ftp's, etc, cd /etc/pam.d cp -p system-auth system-auth.Before.AFS cp -p --reply=yes /tmp/afs/system-auth system-auth rm -rf /tmp/afs |
@sys (fs sysname) |
rs_aix42 | i386_linux24 |
Delphion-Standard Links | /local -> /afs/d/@sys/local /u -> /afs/d/u /usr/afsws -> /afs/d/@sys/usr/afsws |
/local -> /afs/d/@sys/local /u -> /afs/d/u |
Other References | AIX | RedHat Linux |
FAQ | AIX-FAQ/tt> | Linux FAQ |
Online Manual | AIX 4.3 Books | Linux Documentation Project |
Technical Support | RS/6000 TechSupport | Red Hat support |
Phone Number | 1-800-CALL-AIX | 1-888-REDHAT1 |
Free Software | Bull | Linux Software Map |
Certification | www.ibm.com | RHCT & RHCE |