| Directory Mappings | AIX | RedHat Linux |
| Root File System | / /dev/hd4 | / /dev/sda2 if SCSI /dev/hda2 if IDE |
| Home Directories | /home /dev/hd1 | /home is in Root File System |
| O.S. Executables | /usr /dev/hd2 | /usr is in Root File System |
| Temporary Space | /tmp /dev/hd3 | /tmp is in Root File System |
| System Variable Data | /var /dev/hd9var | /var is in Root File System |
| Boot | /dev/hd5 | /boot /dev/sda1 if SCSI /dev/hda1 if IDE |
| Paging | Logical Volume type="paging" | Partition Id=82="Linux swap" |
See also the Filesystem Hierachy Standard (FHS) for a fuller discussion of the "proper" UNIX file system hierarchy.
Linux has three sets of apparently duplicate directories; /bin & /usr/bin,
/sbin & /usr/sbin, and /lib & /usr/lib.
This can be a source of confusion. Under AIX for example, ksh is the default shell and it's normal to see
#!/usr/bin/ksh in the first line of a ksh script.
Under Linux, bash (the Bourne-Again Shell) is the default shell and ksh is NOT in /usr/bin/ksh,
leading one to believe Linux does not have ksh. Not true. Under Linux, ksh is at /bin/ksh.
(Actually, since /bin is a link to /usr/bin under AIX, ksh is also at /bin/ksh,
so to make bilinugual scripts, #!/bin/ksh is best.)
The reason for these apparently duplicate directories is, in the initial boot phases or when Linux boots into single-user mode (which is the same thing), only the root file system is mounted. It's true that by default, /usr is in the root file system, but it may not be. It might be configured in its own partition or even NFS mounted from another machine in R/O mode. Given this, everything needed to boot Linux or will be needed to repair a broken system, needs to be in the root file system. Yet to keep the root file system as small as possible, all non-essential files are kept under /usr.
This is also why they say that those 5 directories (/bin, /sbin, /etc, /dev, and /lib) must be in the root partition.
| User Accounts | AIX | RedHat Linux |
| Password Files | /etc/passwd /etc/security/passwd |
/etc/passwd /etc/shadow |
| Allow/Deny root's Remote telnet Login | rlogin=true in /etc/security/user stanza | Comment out securetty line in /etc/pam.d/login |
| Recover root's Password | Boot from CD or Tape, Installation/Maintenance Start Limited Shell getrootfs hdisk0 vi /etc/security/passwd |
At grub boot loader screen, press "e" to edit, select "kernel" line press "e" to edit, Add " s" at end of line press <Enter> to accept changes, press "b" to boot, at shell prompt, passwd root |
| Create new user | mkuser | useradd |
| Delete user | rmuser | userdel |
| Default User Group | staff=Group ID 1 | The same as their userid, both name and number. E.G. User Name=jasper, User ID=10167, Group Name=jasper, Group ID=10167 |
| General Commands | AIX | RedHat Linux |
| Absolute Path tar | tar cvf foo.tar /etc/passwd | tar Pcvf foo.tar /etc/passwd |
| ping Broadcast Address | ping -c 1 10.224.88.255 | ping -b -c 1 10.224.88.255 |
| Admin Helpers | smit or smitty | 41 redhat-config-* programs in /usr/sbin & /usr/bin |
| Performance Monitor | top lsof monitor |
top lsof |
| System Activity Reporter | sar | sar sysstat |
| I/O Statistics | iostat | iostat sysstat |
| Boot-Time Error Log | alog -o -t boot | dmesg |
| Display Swap Size | lsps -a | free |
| Printers | AIX | RedHat Linux |
| Printer Queues | /etc/qconfig | /var/spool/lpd/lp/* |
| Control Print Server Daemon | startsrc -s lpd stopsrc -s lpd lssrc -s lpd |
service cups start service cups stop service cups status |
| Submit Print Jobs | enq lp lpr qprt |
lpr |
| LP Statistics | enq -A lpq lpstat qchk |
lpq |
| Remove Print Jobs | cancel lprm qcan enq -x |
lprm |
| Add Printer Queue | smit mkpq | redhat-config-printer printtool |
| Remove Printer Queue | smit rmpq | |
| Default Printer | First Stanza in /etc/qconfig export LPDEST="pq" |
| TCP/IP | AIX | RedHat Linux |
| Network IP Configuration | lsattr -E -l inet0 | /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth* |
| Name Service Switch | /etc/netsvc.conf | /etc/nsswitch.conf |
| Network Parameters | no -a | sysctl -a | grep net |
| Secondary IP Address | ifconfig en0 alias w.x.y.z | modprobe ip_alias ifconfig eth0:1 w.x.y.z |
| Login Prompt/Herald | /etc/security/login.cfg | /etc/issue |
| System Files | AIX | RedHat Linux |
| NFS Client Mounted Directories | /etc/xtab | /var/lib/nfs/xtab |
| Max File System Size | 128 GB | 2 TB |
| Max File Size | 64 GB | 2 GB (512-byte block size)
8192 GB (8-KB block size) |
| LVM Commands | AIX | RedHat Linux |
| Filesystem Table | /etc/filesystems | /etc/fstab |
| Device Listing | lsdev -C | cat /proc/devices |
| Disk Information | bootinfo -s hdisk# | cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model |
| LVM Concepts | Partition | Logical Extents |
| Volume | Logical Volume | |
| Journal File System Type | jfs | ext3 reiserfs |
| Default Volume Group | /dev/rootvg | None |
| Display Volume Group | lsvg -l rootvg | vgdisplay -v |
| Modify Physical Volume | chpv | pvchange |
| Prepare Physical Disk | mkdev -c disk -l hdisk# | pvcreate |
| List Physical Volume | lspv | pvdisplay |
| Remove disk from volume group | reducevg | vgreduce |
| Move logical volumes to another physical volumes | migratepv | pvmove |
| Create volume group | mkvg | vgcreate |
| Remove Volume Group | varyoffvg exportvg |
vgremove |
| Volume Group Availability | chvg varyonvg varyoffvg |
vgchange |
| Restore Volume Group | importvg | vgcfgrestore |
| Export/Import Volume Group | exportvg/importvg | vgexport/vgimport |
| List Volume Groups | lsvg | vgscan |
| Change Logical Volume Characteristics | chlv | lvchange |
| List Logical Volumes | lslv | lvdisplay |
| Make Logical Volume | mklv | lvcreate |
| Extend Logical Volume | extendlv | lvextend |
| Reduce Logical Volume | AIX Reduce LV Procedure | lvreduce |
| Remove Logical Volume | rmlv | lvremove |
| Prepare Boot Volumes | bootlist -m normal | grub-install /dev/sda2 if SCSI grub-install /dev/hda2 if IDE |
| Extend File System | chfs -a size=# fs-name (# is 512-byte blocks) |
resize2fs |
| Reduce/Split Mirrors | rmlvcopy | lvsplit |
| Merge Mirrors | lvmerge | |
| Create Mirrors | mklv -c 2 | |
| Add Mirrors | mklvcopy lv 2 | |
| Create Striped Volumes | mklv -u 3 -S 64K | lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 |
| System Recovery Tape | mksysb -i /dev/rmt0 | |
| Backup | savevg -i rootvg | tar cvf /dev/rst0 / |
| Restore | restvg | tar xvf /dev/rst0 |
| Miscellaneous Commands | AIX | RedHat Linux |
| Startup script | /etc/rc | /etc/rc.d/rc |
| Kernel | /usr/lib/boot/unix_up | /boot/vmlinuz (compressed) /boot/vmlinux (uncompressed) |
| Kernel Parameters | lsattr -E -l sys0 no -a |
sysctl -a |
| Reconfigure the Kernel | chdev -l sys0 -a | cd /usr/src/linux
make mrproper make menuconfig make dep make clean make bzImage make install make modules make modules_install cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16 cd /boot mv initrd-2.4.21-20.ELsmp initrd-2.4.21-20.ELsmp.save mkinitrd initrd-2.4.21-20.ELsmp $(uname -r) vi /boot/grub/grub.conf |
| List modules | genkex | lsmod |
| Load module | insmod | |
| Unload module | rmmod | |
| Initialize System | install_assist | netconf |
| Physical RAM | bootinfo -r | free |
| Kernel Bits | bootinfo -K | getconf WORD_BIT |
| Crash Utility | crash | lcrash |
| Trace System Calls | syscalls | strace |
| OS Level | oslevel | uname -r |
| Run Level | who -r | runlevel |
| Tape Control | tctl | mt |
| Core Dump Files | /var/adm/ras | |
| Timezone Management | /etc/environment /etc/profile |
/etc/sysconfig/clock |
| NTP Daemon | /etc/ntp.conf startsrc -s xntpd stopsrc -s xntpd lssrc -s xntpd |
/etc/ntp.conf service xntpd start service ntpd stop service ntpd status |
| Software | AIX | RedHat Linux |
| Install Software | installp -a | rpm -i package |
| Uninstall Software | installp -u | rpm -e package |
| List Installed Software | lslpp -L all | rpm -qa |
| Verify Installed Software | lppchk -v | rpm -V package |
| List Files | lslpp -f fileset | rpm -ql package |
| List Installed Patches | instfix -i | |
| Package Owner | lslpp -w path | rpm -qf file |
| SW Directory | /usr/lpp | /var/lib/rpm |
| Rescan SCSI Bus | cfgmgr | echo "scsi add-single-device 0 1 2 3" > /proc/scsi/scsi
will reprobe for a single device only on Card 0, Channel 1, Device 2, Lun 3, and add it if it is found |
| Devices | AIX | RedHat Linux |
| Install Devices | cfgmgr -v | /dev/MAKEDEV |
| Remove Device | rmdev -l | |
| Device Drivers | lscfg | |
| CPU | lsdev -Cc processor | cat /proc/cpuinfo |
| List Terminal | lsdev -Cc tty | |
| Diagnostics | diag | lspci pnpdump |
| Whole Disk | /dev/hdisk# | /dev/sda |
| CDROM | /dev/cd0 | /dev/cdrom |
| CDROM File System Type | cdrfs | iso9660 |
| Rewinding Tape Drive | /dev/rmt0 | /dev/rst0 { c 9 0} |
| Non-rewinding Tape Drive | /dev/rmt0.1 | /dev/nrst0 { c 9 128 } |
| Floppy Drive | /dev/rfd0 | /dev/fd0 |
| AFS | AIX | RedHat Linux |
| Code Source | IBM Transarc's Lab | www.openafs.org |
| AFS Cache /usr/vice/cache |
Should be defined as its own file system before installing AFS. 100MB is minimum. 1GB is better. | Same. |
| Install Directions |
cd /tmp ftp jasper cd /afs/d/software/base/AFS_3.6 get afsinstall.sh get afsclient-42.tar quit chmod +x afsinstall.sh ./afsinstall.sh afsclient-42.tar rm afsinstall.sh afsclient-42.tar |
mkdir /tmp/afs cd /tmp/afs scp -p jasper@jasper:/afs/d/software/base/linux/openafs-1.2.11/* . rpm -ivh *rpm vi /usr/vice/etc/cacheinfo and set the cache size to 95% of the number of 1K blocks of /usr/vice/cache. 95% of 1GB (my standard), is 953850. vi /usr/vice/etc/ThisCell set the cell name to delphion.com. vi /usr/vice/etc/CellServDB replace all existing lines with >delphion.com # Thomson-Delphion 10.224.88.241 #afs1.delphion.com To start AFS, service afs start To allow AFS-authenticated logins, ftp's, etc, cd /etc/pam.d cp -p system-auth system-auth.Before.AFS cp -p --reply=yes /tmp/afs/system-auth system-auth rm -rf /tmp/afs |
| @sys (fs sysname) |
rs_aix42 | i386_linux24 |
| Delphion-Standard Links | /local -> /afs/d/@sys/local /u -> /afs/d/u /usr/afsws -> /afs/d/@sys/usr/afsws |
/local -> /afs/d/@sys/local /u -> /afs/d/u |
| Other References | AIX | RedHat Linux |
| FAQ | AIX-FAQ | Linux FAQ |
| Online Manual | AIX 4.3 Books | Linux Documentation Project |
| Technical Support | RS/6000 TechSupport | Red Hat support |
| Phone Number | 1-800-CALL-AIX | 1-888-REDHAT1 |
| Free Software | Bull | Linux Software Map |
| Certification | www.ibm.com | RHCT & RHCE |